Friday, May 1, 2020

Civilian Life During the Time of War (Women and Children)


Unemployment, 1909           &         Bread!, final version, 1924

           “Artistic creation did little to assuage her own pain, which mirrored the ache felt by so many German mothers.” – Eric Weitz
 Civilians lived harsh lives during the war, as women and children left behind did not have access to necessities. Unemployment being a leading factor behind a lot of issues as it left many with little to no money. Another group of which who suffered from similar issues (or had their homes destroyed from battle) were those who fled to new areas as refugees, as they did not only have to worry about this but were also treated unkindly by villagers, resulting in an even bigger crisis within their borders. If this was not enough of an issue “[i]n the winter of 1916-1917, children five to seven years old in Essen were allotted only one-quarter liter of milk three times per week.” This in comparison with the image above titled “Bread!” in which a mother makes the difficult decision of only feeding one of her starving children.
A similar instance which occurred during this time was reported by the Berlin police which stated that “there are innumerable families who are going day after day without butter or other fats and who are forced to eat their bread dry and to prepare their food without cooking fat…Even good, faithful patriots have begun to turn into pessimists” It was easy for Kollwitz to see all of this due to her husband’s occupation and location of her their home in Berlin. These instances were a big part in what inspired her to create work focused on social criticism towards the entirety of what was left behind at home during and after the war. As a mother and pacifist she felt driven to document such as to bring attention to such unjust inattentiveness to a country whose citizens are in need.

 Weitz, Eric D. Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy, Weimar Centennial Edition, 7-40. PRINCETON; OXFORD: Princeton University Press, 2018. 
Both images are from: https://www.kollwitz.de/en/social-criticism-overview

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